Digital Health Consent - for Better Interoperability and Consumer Control.

We present a framework for digital health consent in support of computable expression of medico-legal policies to govern consumer data sharing across providers. The approach is aligned with HL7 FHIR© standard, and is based on generic formalism for policy modelling, grounded in normative systems and deontic logic. We show the use of the framework for a clinical research scenario.

Anthropometric Characteristics and Weight Status of Early Adolescents (Aged 12-14) in Montenegro; Urban-Rural and Regional Differences.

The aim of this study was to determine urban-rural and regional differences in anthropometric characteristics among adolescents aged 12-14, as well as to present the prevalence of weight status. A total of 534 adolescents aged 12-14 from primary schools across Montenegro participated in this cross-sectional study (283 boys, aged 13.52 ± 0.42, body height 169.43 ± 8.89, body weight 60.54 ± 13.47; 251 girls, aged 13.51 ± 0.40, body height 165.54 ± 6.67, body weight 55.28 ± 9.27). The sample was divided by geographic region in Montenegro into northern, central, and coastal regions, and according to settlement type into urban and rural inhabitants. Anthropometric characteristics were assessed using a battery of seven variables: arm span (AS); body height (BH); body weight (BW); waist circumference (WC); hip circumference (HC); body mass index (BMI); and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). BMI was categorized based on the World Health Organization's (WHO) cut-offs. The results indicate that girls from urban areas exhibited significantly greater body height and lower BMI values compared to their rural counterparts. Similarly, boys from urban areas also demonstrated lower BMI values compared to their rural peers. However, no statistically significant differences were observed in other anthropometric characteristics between these two groups of adolescents. Based on analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post-hoc analysis, it was found that girls from central areas had significantly greater body height compared to those from northern and coastal areas. Likewise, boys from northern areas showed higher body mass and BMI values compared to those from central areas. Additionally, both boys and girls from central areas had higher values compared to those from coastal areas. Nevertheless, no significant differences were detected in other anthropometric characteristics among adolescents from these regions. This study identified significant differences in anthropometric parameters among participants based on urban-rural status and within regional divisions. However, further research encompassing a larger sub-sample and a broader array of anthropometric variables is needed to draw a more comprehensive conclusion.

Application of the Schroth Method in the Treatment of Idiopathic Scoliosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

(1) Background: Idiopathic scoliosis can be defined as a complex three-dimensional deformity of the spine and trunk, which occurs in basically healthy children. Schroth scoliosis-specific exercises have shown good results in reducing idiopathic scoliosis progression. This study aimed to critically evaluate the effect size of Schroth's method through a systematic review and meta-analysis. (2) Methods: Four databases were included in the search: PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The following keywords were used: "Schroth exercise", "idiopathic scoliosis", "Cobb angle", "angle of trunk rotation", and "quality of life". Only articles written in English that met the following criteria were included in our study: subjects who had idiopathic scoliosis, the Schroth method was applied, and Cobb angle or angle of trunk rotation or quality of life as outcomes. (3) Results: Ten randomized controlled trials were included in this study. The effect size of the Schroth exercise ranged from almost moderate to large, for the outcomes used: Cobb angle (ES = -0.492, p ˂ 0.005); ATR (ES = -0.471, p = 0.013); QoL (ES = 1.087, p ˂ 0.001). (4) Conclusions: The current meta-analysis indicates that the Schroth method has a positive effect on subjects with idiopathic scoliosis.

PERFORMANCE 1 study: Novel carotid stent system with integrated post-dilation balloon and embolic protection device.

OBJECTIVES: The PERFORMANCE I study was designed to evaluate the safety and feasibility of the Neuroguard IEP® System, a novel carotid stent system with an integrated embolic filter and post-dilatation balloon, to treat clinically significant carotid artery stenosis. BACKGROUND: The risk of major adverse events during carotid artery stenting is comparable to carotid endarterectomy, however, the risk of minor stroke remains higher with stenting. METHODS: In total, 67 patients undergoing carotid artery stenting were enrolled at nine centers in Europe. Follow-up assessments included neurological exams, duplex ultrasound, 12-lead electrocardiogram, and cardiac enzyme analysis. The primary endpoint was the 30-day composite rate of stroke, death, and myocardial infarctions versus a prespecified performance goal. Secondary endpoints included procedure success, device success, and target lesion revascularization. RESULTS: The study population was predominantly male (74.6%) with a mean age of 69.3 ± 8.9 years and 67% of subjects met at least one criterion placing them at an elevated risk for adverse events following carotid endarterectomy. All patients were treated successfully with the study device. There were no deaths or strokes within 30 days of the index procedure. One subject (1.5%) experienced a non-ST elevation myocardial infarction at day 17. The primary endpoint was met with a 30-day major adverse events rate of 1.5% (1/67). Through 12-month follow-up, there were no strokes, neurological deaths, target lesion revascularizations, or instances of in-stent-restenosis. CONCLUSIONS: Results from this study demonstrate the Neuroguard IEP system is safe and feasible with a stroke/death rate of 0% at 30 days. A large pivotal study is currently underway.

An Intermodal Correlation Study among Imaging, Histology, Procedural and Clinical Parameters in Cerebral Thrombi Retrieved from Anterior Circulation Ischemic Stroke Patients.

The precise characterization of cerebral thrombi prior to an interventional procedure can ease the procedure and increase its success. This study investigates how well cerebral thrombi can be characterized by computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance (MR) and histology, and how parameters obtained by these methods correlate with each other as well as with the interventional procedure and clinical parameters. Cerebral thrombi of 25 patients diagnosed by CT with acute ischemic stroke were acquired by mechanical thrombectomy and, subsequently, scanned by a high spatial-resolution 3D MRI including T1-weighted imaging, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), T2 mapping and then finally analyzed by histology. Parameter pairs with Pearson correlation coefficient more than 0.5 were further considered by explaining a possible cause for the correlation and its impact on the difficulty of the interventional procedure and the treatment outcome. Significant correlations were found between the variability of ADC and the duration of the mechanical recanalization, the deviation in average Hounsfield units (HU) and the number of passes with the thrombectomy device, length of the thrombus, its RBC content and many others. This study also demonstrates the clinical potentials of high spatial resolution multiparametric MRI in characterization of thrombi and its use for interventional procedure planning.

Independent Significance of Visual Assessment of Perfusion CT Maps in Anterior Circulation Stroke Patients Treated with Mechanical Thrombectomy.

BACKGROUND: In the absence of an automated software analysis, the role of computed tomography perfusion (CTP) in a real time clinical practice is not well established. We evaluated the clinical significance of a widely accessible and simple visual grading scale of CTP in the anterior circulation of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients treated with mechanical thrombectomy (MT). METHODS: The single center consecutive CT investigations of AIS patients treated with MT in the anterior circulation have been evaluated retrospectively. ASPECT score and collateral circulation evaluation based on the Maas score were determined. Time to peak parametric maps, derived from CTP, were graded into four categories, from least to most favorable. The primary endpoint was functional outcome evaluated as modified Rankin Scale (mRS) ≤ 2 at 90 days after MT. RESULTS: We included 318 patients in the analysis; 142 (45%) patients had mRS ≤ 2 after 90 days, mortality rate was 24%. Higher CTP and Maas score were significantly correlated with better clinical outcome (Pearson χ2 25.0 and 37.7, respectively; p < 0.01). Collateral circulation and CTP grades were strongly interrelated (Pearson χ2 78.6; p < 0.01). The CTP grade demonstrated statistically significant independent correlation with the clinical outcome irrespective of the collateral circulation grade, ASPECT score and age (OR 2.5; p = 0.011). The correlation was more pronounced in patients with normal collateral circulation (OR 3.27; p = 0.029). CONCLUSION: We demonstrated that both visually graded CTP and collateral circulation grade strongly correlated with the clinical outcome of MT in the anterior circulation of AIS patients. Importantly, CTP correlated with the clinical outcome independent of the collateral circulation.

Cancer of unknown primary - incidence, mortality trend, and mortality-to-incidence ratio is associated with human development index in Central Serbia, 1999-2018: Evidence from the national cancer registry.

OBJECTIVES: The aim was to estimate the trend of incidence, mortality and mortality-to-incidence ratio (MIR) in Central Serbia in 1999-2018 and its possible association with the human development index (HDI). METHODS: In this study, cancer of unknown primary (CUP) was included as C77-C80 codes. Trend analysis was performed in the Joinpoint Regression Programme version 4.8.0.1. HDI combines life expectancy, educational attainment and gross national income. HDI values for Serbia are extracted from the global bank site. RESULTS: Joinpoint regression analysis of the age-standardised incidence rate of CUP showed a significantly increasing trend with annual percent change (APC) of 8.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.0-14.3%) in males and 7.8% (95%CI 2.7-13.2) in females. The age-standardised mortality rate of CUP showed a significantly decreasing trend with APC of -1.7% (95%CI -2.8 to -0.5%) in males and -1.4% (95%CI -2.7 to -0.1%) in females. MIR showed a significantly decreasing trend with APC of -9.3% (95%CI -14.6 - -3.6%) in males and -7.1% (95%CI -10.5% to -4.2%) in females. The linear regression showed significant inverse association among HDI and the MIR of CUP in males (r2 = 0.464, p = 0.002) and in females (r2 = 0.612, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Decline of MIR was associated with HDI, suggesting that CUP prognosis follows socio-economic status.

Cost-effectiveness analysis of superabsorbent wound dressings in patients with moderate-to-highly exuding leg ulcers in Germany.

The study aims to estimate the cost-effectiveness of superabsorbent wound dressings compared to the standard-of-care (SoC) dressings mix for treatment of patients with moderate-to-highly exuding leg ulcers in the German healthcare settings. A model-based cost-effectiveness analysis was conducted from the German statutory health insurance perspective, following German specific and international recommendations of good research practice. An individual-level (microsimulation) state-transition model has been used with a cycle length of 1 week and time horizon of 6 months. Several comprehensive systematic reviews were conducted to inform all model inputs, including clinical parameters, efficacy, quality of life, resources utilisation, and cost inputs. In addition, primary data from two clinical trials were used. Based on this cost-effectiveness analysis, using superabsorbent wound dressings instead of the SoC dressings of patients with moderate-to-highly exuding leg ulcers in Germany can lead to an improved healing rate of 2.57% (benefit ratio 1.08), improved health-related quality of life of 0.152 quality-adjusted life weeks, and total direct cost savings of €771 per patient in 6 months. Robustness of results was confirmed in sensitivity and scenario analyses.

Somatotype Profiles of Montenegrin Karatekas: An Observational Study.

Competitive karate activity involves numerous factors affecting performance in sport. Physical structure and somatotype is considered to be one of them. This study aimed to determine whether there are differences between karate athletes in five male and five female official weight categories in different anthropometric measurements and to determine the somatotype profiles of athletes divided by weight categories. This study consisted of a total of 27 male karate athletes (21.88 ± 4.66 years) and 24 female karate athletes (20.29 ± 3.14 years). Measurements were taken in April 2020. Athletes are classified into official weight categories according to World Karate Federation rules. Somatotypes were calculated using anthropometry. One-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc tests were used for statistical analysis to compare group differences regarding weight categories. Anthropometric parameters were highest in the heaviest categories compared to lighter categories. All male subjects were endomorphic mesomorph, except for category <84 kg, which was endomorphic ectomorphs. Somatotype analysis of male categories found a difference between the <75 kg and <84 kg in endomorphy. In mesomorphy, there is no difference between categories. Perceiving ectomorphy, there is a significant difference between the first category and the >84 kg. Profiling female athletes, three different types of somatotypes were obtained concerning the weight category. The lightest weight category was predominantly endomorphic ectomorphs, and two weight categories were ectomorphic endomorphs (<61 kg and <68 kg), and the other two weight categories were endomorphic mesomorphs (<55 kg and >68 kg). Somatotype differences in the female karate athletes were observed only in the ectomorphy components, between <50 kg and <61 kg. The present study points to how the somatotypes profiles of karate athletes differ between weight categories.

Study of correlations between CT properties of retrieved cerebral thrombi with treatment outcome of stroke patients.

BACKGROUND: All the patients with suspected stroke are directed to whole-brain CT scan. The purpose of this scan is to look for early features of ischemia and to rule out alternative diagnoses than stroke. In case of ischemic stroke, CT diagnostics (including CT angiography) is used mainly to locate the occlusion and its size, while the Hounsfield Units (HU) values of the thrombus causing the stroke are usually overlooked on CT scan or considered not important. The aim of this study was to demonstrate that the HU value is relevant and can help in better treatment planning. PATIENTS AND METHODS: There were 25 patients included in the study, diagnosed with ischemic stroke in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory. In all patients, systemic thrombolysis was not successful and the mechanical recanalization was needed. The retrieved thrombi were also analyzed histologically for the determination of red blood cells (RBC) proportion. CT of the proximal MCA (M1) segment was analyzed for average HU value and its variability both in the occluded section and the symmetrical normal site. These CT parameters were then statistically studied for the possible correlations with different clinical, histological and procedure parameters using the Linear Regression and the Pearson correlation coefficient. RESULTS: Relevant positive correlations were found between average HU value of thrombus and outcome modified Rankin Scale (mRS), initial mRS, number of passes with thrombectomy device as well as RBC proportion. CONCLUSIONS: Results of the present study suggest that measured HU values in CT images of the cerebral thrombi may help in the assessment of thrombus compaction and therefore better treatment planning.

Anthropometric Characteristics and Vertical Jump Abilities by Player Position and Performance Level of Junior Female Volleyball Players.

Although absolute jump heights should be considered an important factor in judging the performance requirements of volleyball players, limited data is available on age-appropriate categories. The purpose of this study is to determine the differences in specific anthropometric characteristics and jumping performance variables in under-19 female volleyball players in relation to playing position and performance level. The sample of subjects consisted of 354 players who prepared for the U19 Women's Volleyball European Championship 2020 (17.4 ± 0.8 years, 1.81 ± 0.07 m, 67.5 ± 7.1 kg). Playing positions analyzed were setters (n = 55), opposites (n = 37), middle blockers (n = 82), outside hitters (n = 137), and liberos (n = 43). The results showed player position differences in every performance level group in variables of body height, spike, and block jump. Observed differences are a consequence of highly specific tasks of different positions in the composition of the team. Players of different performance levels are significantly different, with athletes of higher-ranked teams achieving better results. The acquired data could be useful for the selection and profiling of young volleyball players.

Trends in body height, body weight, BMI, and nutrition status from 1979 to 1987: a measurement-based analysis of 10, 954 male adolescents from the municipality of Bijelo Polje / Tendencias en la altura corporal, el peso corporal, el IMC y el estado nutricional de 1979 a 1987: un análisis basado en mediciones de 10. 954 adolescentes varones del municipio de Bijelo Polje

SUMMARY: This study aimed to consolidate data regarding body height, body weight, body mass index, and nutrition status of the entire young male population from the Municipality of Bijelo Polje in order to estimate trends from 1979 to 1987. The sample of respondents includes 10,954 young males divided into nine groups. The measurement sample includes body height, body weight, and body mass index based on two previous measures. The descriptive statistics were expressed as a mean and standard deviation for each variable, while the analysis of nutrition status was done based on body mass index (underweight, normal weight, pre-obese, obese). The results showed that a secular trend in the observed study period is not visible regarding body height, body weight, and body mass index. The contribution of this study is reflected in the fact that there were no previously published data for this period and this municipality; the data can significantly aid in monitoring the secular trends throughout Montenegro.

RESUMEN: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo consolidar los datos sobre la altura corporal, el peso corporal, índice de masa corporal y el estado nutricional de toda la población masculina joven del Municipio de Bijelo Polje con el fin de estimar las tendencias de 1979 a 1987. La muestra de encuestados incluyó 10.954 hombres jóvenes divididos en nueve grupos. Las mediciones incluyeron la altura corporal, el peso corporal y el índice de masa corporal basado en dos medidas anteriores. Las estadísticas descriptivas se expresaron como media y desviación estándar para cada variable, mientras que el análisis del estado nutricional se realizó con base en el índice de masa corporal (bajo peso, peso normal, pre-obesidad, obesidad). Los resultados mostraron que una tendencia secular en el período de estudio observado no es visible con respecto a la altura corporal, el peso corporal y el índice de masa corporal. La contribución de este estudio está basada en que no existían datos publicados previamente para este período y en este municipio; los datos pueden ayudar significativamente a monitorear las tendencias seculares en todo Montenegro.

Trajectories of Body Height, Body Weight, BMI, and Nutrition Status from 1979 to 1987: A Measurement-Based Analysis of 8740 Montenegrin Male Adolescents from the Municipality of Berane.

This study aimed to consolidate the body height, body weight, BMI, and nutrition status data of the overall young male population from the Municipality of Berane in order to assess the trajectories of those variables from 1979 to 1987. The sample of respondents included 8740 adolescents who were divided into nine groups according to their age. The sample of variables included body height, body weight, body mass index, and nutrition status, which were presented based on a long-established BMI categorization (underweight, normal weight, pre-obese, and obese). The descriptive statistics are expressed as the mean and standard deviation for each variable; the analysis of nutrition status was calculated based on BMI, while LSD post hoc testing with ANOVA was employed to investigate differences between the means. The results indicate that a secular trend is visible regarding body height and body weight, while no trend is visible for the BMI and nutrition status. This study's contribution is that it provides insight into more recently published data for the studied period and in this municipality, which can significantly aid in following the secular trend throughout Montenegro.

Body height and its estimation utilizing shoulder blade length measurements of Montenegrin adolescents of both sexes / La altura del cuerpo y su estimación utilizando medidas de la longitud de la escápula de adolescentes montenegrinos de ambos sexos

SUMMARY: The purpose of this research is to determine a regression equation for estimation of stature from shoulder blade length measurements. The sample in this research comprised 1001 adolescents, all of whom were in their final year of high school (504 males and 497 females) among the population of Montenegrin adolescents. The stature and shoulder blade length measurements were taken according to the ISAK protocol, and the data were analyzed statistically. Linear regression analysis determined the prediction of and shoulder blade length on the criterion variable a body height at the significance level of p <0.05. These relations are presented by using a scatter diagram (Fig. 2). Thereby, we obtained the coefficient of determination, the multiple correlation coefficients, the partial correlation coefficient, the regression, t-test and standardized beta coefficient. The research study confirmed that shoulder blade length reliably predicts stature in both sexes of Montenegrin adolescents and revealed a very useful finding for physical anthropologists and experts from related fields. It was confirmed that there is a correlation between shoulder blade length and body height (males: 34.3 %, females: 38.8 %). Therefore, shoulder blade length proves to be a reliable predictor for the actual body height estimates.

RESUMEN: El propósito de esta investigación fue determinar una ecuación de regresión para estimar la estatura corporal a partir de las medidas de la longitud del escápula. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 1001 adolescentes, en su último año de estudios secundarios (504 hombres y 497 mujeres) entre la población montenegrina. Las medidas de estatura y longitud del escápula se tomaron de acuerdo con el protocolo ISAK y los datos se analizaron estadísticamente. El análisis de regresión lineal determinó la predicción y la longitud del escápula en la variable de criterio a altura corporal con un nivel de significación de p <0,05. Estas relaciones se presentan mediante un diagrama de dispersión. De ese modo, obtuvimos el coeficiente de determinación, los coeficientes de correlación múltiple, el coeficiente de correlación parcial, la regresión, la prueba t y el coeficiente beta estandarizado. El estudio confirmó que la longitud del escápula predice de manera confiable la estatura en ambos sexos de los adolescentes montenegrinos y reveló información muy útil para los antropólogos físicos y expertos de áreas relacionadas. Se confirmó que existe una correlación entre la longitud del escápula y la altura del cuerpo (hombres: 34,3 %, mujeres: 38,8 %). Por lo tanto, la longitud del escápula demuestra ser un predictor confiable de las estimaciones de la altura corporal real.

Effects of Chair-Based, Low-Load Elastic Band Resistance Training on Functional Fitness and Metabolic Biomarkers in Older Women.

Strength training can improve myriad health parameters in elderly cohorts. Although potentially more appropriate for the elderly, low-load resistance training protocols have been less investigated. We aimed to examine the effects of 12 weeks of chair-based, low-load resistance training with elastic band (EBT) on functional fitness and metabolic biomarkers in older women. One hundred sixty-eight women were allocated randomly to an elastic band resistance training (EBT, n = 86, 75.7 ± 8.9 years, 71.3 ± 12.2 kg) or a control group (CON, n = 82, 74.5 ± 8.2years, 70.6 ± 12.0 kg). RT protocol consisted of periodized chair-based, low-load whole-body resistance exercises (2 sets, 12-15 repetitions, 40-60% of one repetition maximum-1RM) using an elastic band, twice weekly for 12 weeks. The resistance training program was generally designed to maintain internal load over time, provided with increasing intensity using various elastic bands (Thera-Band). Functional fitness (30-s Chair Stand,30-s Arm Curl, 2-min Step Test, Chair Sit-and-Reach, Back Scratch, 8-Foot Up-and-Go, Handgrip Strength) and metabolic markers (Fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, high (HDL) and low (LDL) density lipoprotein) were measured before and after the training period. To detect pre/post intervention changes and between group- differences 2x2 repeated measures ANOVA was applied. Significant improvements over time for all fitness variables for EBT comparing to CON were obtained (F = 12.78, p < 0.05 for 30-s Chair Stand; F = 14.04, p < 0.05 for 30-s Arm Curl; F = 5.18, p < 0.05 for 2-min Step Test; F = 10.90, p < 0.05 for Chair Sit-and-Reach; F = 16.57, p < 0.05 for Back Scratch; F = 11.79, p < 0.05 for 8-foot Up-and-Go; and F = 29.25, p < 0.05 for Handgrip Strength). In addition, significant improvements over time for all but one (triglycerides) biomarkers for EBT comparing to CON were obtained (F = 7.30, p < 0.05 for blood sugar levels; F = 13.36, p < 0.05 for total cholesterol; F = 8.61, p < 0.05 for HDL; and F = 11.53, p < 0.05 for LDL). Furthermore, the participants' adherence to training sessions of over 90% was reported. In conclusion, 12 weeks of EBT is safe and beneficial for improving health-related fitness and metabolic biomarkers in older women and seems to be viable model to ensure a high training adherence rate.

Subjective sensitivity to noise and non-auditory health effects among adults in Nis, Serbia.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine subjective sensitivity to noise of the citizens of Nis and its impact on their non-auditory health effects. METHODS: This study was designed as a cross-sectional questionnaire survey among 908 adult residents of Nis, Serbia, of whom 387 were men (42.6%) and 521 women (57.4%). Streets with day Leq ≥ 55 dB(A) and night Leq ≥ 45 dB(A) were regarded as noisy and those with day Leq ≤ 55 dB(A) and night Leq ≤ 45 dB(A) were regarded as quiet, in accordance with WHO recommendations. Noise sensitivity was measured with the Weinstein's Noise Sensitivity Scale. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the impact of noise sensitivity on non-auditory health effects. RESULTS: The study showed that the values of the Weinstein's Noise Sensitivity Scale were significantly higher for those surveyed in the noisy zone. Multiple regression analysis revealed a significant impact of noise sensitivity on night-sleep duration (p = 0.04), subjective assessment of sleep quality (p < 0.01) and daily rest disruption (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Based on the study results, it can be confirmed that noise sensitivity has an important role in causing non-auditory health effects among adults.

Effects of a Nine-Month Physical Activity Intervention on Morphological Characteristics and Motor and Cognitive Skills of Preschool Children.

(1) Background: Regular physical activity (PA) plays an important role during early childhood physical and psychological development. This study investigates the effects of a 9-month PA intervention on physiological characteristics and motor and cognitive skills in preschool children. (2) Methods: Preschool children (n = 132; age 4 to 7 years) attending regular preschool programs were nonrandomly assigned to PA intervention (n = 66; 60 min sessions twice per week) or a control group (n = 66; no additional organized PA program) for 9 months. Exercise training for the intervention group included various sports games, outdoor activities, martial arts, yoga, and dance. Anthropometry, motor skills (7 tests), and cognitive skills (Raven's Colored Progressive Matrices and Cognitive Assessment System) were assessed before and after an intervention period in both groups. Data were analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA. (3) Results: Body weight significantly increased in both groups over time. Compared to the changes observed in the control group, the intervention group significantly increased in chest circumference (p = 0.022). In contrast, the control group demonstrated an increase in waist circumference (p = 0.001), while these measures in the intervention group remained stable. Participants in the intervention group improved running speed (p = 0.016) and standing broad jump (p = 0.000). The flexibility level was maintained in the intervention group, while a significant decrease was observed in the control group (p = 0.010). Children from the intervention group demonstrated progress in the bent-arm hang test (p = 0.001), unlike the control group subjects. Varied improvements in cognitive skills were observed for different variables in both intervention and control groups, with no robust evidence for PA-intervention-related improvements. (4) Conclusions: Preschool children's participation in a preschool PA intervention improves their motor skills.